FDA的測(cè)試表明，為了獲得可測(cè)量的溫度升高，物品必須在最長(zhǎng)讀取時(shí)間內(nèi)以非常接近的范圍曝光很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，——通常在項(xiàng)目級(jí)的RFID實(shí)施中沒(méi)有這種情況。

 

安全性:生物制品

謬論：UHF頻率有加熱藥物的能力，并可能改變藥物的化學(xué)成分，給消費(fèi)者帶來(lái)可能的安全問(wèn)題。

 

真實(shí)的場(chǎng)景:

在典型的RFID項(xiàng)目級(jí)別部署中，物品距離讀寫(xiě)器器大約18~24英寸，并且該物品在讀寫(xiě)器區(qū)域保持少于10秒。為了在最近的測(cè)試中獲得一個(gè)可測(cè)量的溫度升高，物品在非常接近的范圍（離讀寫(xiě)器僅幾英寸）暴露在UHF能量中，達(dá)一個(gè)或多個(gè)小時(shí)-這不是真實(shí)的RFID實(shí)施場(chǎng)景。

 

事實(shí):

確實(shí)，UHF和HF的能量能夠被某些物質(zhì)吸收，因此能夠提高某一物質(zhì)的溫度。然而，由于極低的功率，物質(zhì)需要暴露在頻率上數(shù)小時(shí)以上。美國(guó)規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的UHF讀寫(xiě)器的輸出功率不大于1W，而在歐洲的UHF 讀寫(xiě)器的輸出功率則僅僅只是0.5W。

這些數(shù)字分別是100瓦燈泡的1/100和1/200的功率。為了提高溫度，一種物質(zhì)需要留在讀寫(xiě)器范圍里停留幾個(gè)小時(shí)。然而，在實(shí)際利用RFID的應(yīng)用中，這種情況不會(huì)發(fā)生–在傳送帶上的藥瓶和藥瓶會(huì)暴露在讀寫(xiě)器區(qū)域僅僅幾秒鐘--時(shí)間很短不足以有效或可測(cè)量地升高任何物品的溫度。

美國(guó)FDA進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)主要涉及計(jì)算機(jī)建模和有限物理測(cè)試的研究證實(shí)了這一說(shuō)法。

根據(jù)一個(gè)不可行的最壞情況而不是實(shí)際的部署指標(biāo)，FDA的研究表明，放置距離超高頻RFID天線(xiàn)5厘米(2英寸）的14.4厘米(5.6英寸)距離的胰島素在讀寫(xiě)器持續(xù)傳輸能量一小時(shí)后將升溫1.7°C（3°F）。

 

然而，在典型的物品級(jí)RFID項(xiàng)目應(yīng)用中，物品只會(huì)暴露在讀寫(xiě)器傳輸?shù)膸酌腌妰?nèi)，并且距離閱讀器的平均距離為46-60厘米（18-24英寸）。美國(guó)FDA的測(cè)試表明，為了獲得可測(cè)量的溫度升高，物品必須在最非常接近的讀寫(xiě)器的讀取范圍內(nèi)暴露很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間 ---通常在物品級(jí)的RFID項(xiàng)目實(shí)施中不會(huì)發(fā)生。

 

來(lái)自該協(xié)會(huì)進(jìn)行的實(shí)際實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境中非正式測(cè)試的結(jié)果進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了FDA計(jì)算機(jī)建模的結(jié)果。在一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，環(huán)境溫度為72°F（22.2°C）的生理鹽水溶液連續(xù)暴露在非常近的范圍，從RFID超高頻閱讀器獲得全部功率。它需要24小時(shí)持續(xù)暴露于UHF能量的鹽水中，以加熱1.7°C（3°F）---這對(duì)于實(shí)際的RFID部署和工作來(lái)說(shuō)不會(huì)發(fā)生。

 

相比之下，HF閱讀器使用更高的功率。在美國(guó)，最大高頻閱讀器瓦數(shù)是2瓦，在歐洲，高頻閱讀器可以輸出高達(dá)10瓦。 盡管閱讀器功率有所增加，但由麥哲倫科技公司在高頻閱讀器上進(jìn)行的測(cè)試產(chǎn)生了與FDA測(cè)試和該聯(lián)盟的非正式測(cè)試相同的結(jié)果。 為了使溫度上升一度，必須將Tunnel Reader中的持續(xù)能量暴露16小時(shí)。在實(shí)際的RFID項(xiàng)目級(jí)實(shí)現(xiàn)中，需要產(chǎn)生可測(cè)量的熱增量的度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不會(huì)發(fā)生。

安全性不是頻率的函數(shù)。UHF系統(tǒng)可以為敏感數(shù)據(jù)提供與基于HF的系統(tǒng)相同級(jí)別的安全性。Gen2提供了內(nèi)置的安全措施，包括32位訪問(wèn)和殺死密碼保護(hù)，傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的覆蓋編碼等等。

除了這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之外的額外安全性，由客戶(hù)和應(yīng)用程序需求驅(qū)動(dòng)，可輕松集成到超高頻RFID系統(tǒng)中——不受頻率限制。

 

 

UHF vs. HF：謬論與事實(shí)

 

英譯原文：

 

 

The FDA tests illustrate that, in order to obtain a measurable increase in temperature, items must be exposed at very close range at maximum reader power for a long period of time — criteria typically not found in item level RFID implementations.

 

 

Safety: Biologics  

The myth: The UHF frequency has the capability to heat medications and possibly alter the chemical makeup of the medication, creating possible safety issues for consumers.

The reality:

 

In the typical RFID item level deployment, items are approximately 18 to 24 inches from the reader, and the item remains in the reader field for less than 10 seconds. In order to obtain a measurable rise in temperature in recent tests, substances were exposed to UHF energy at a very close range (just a few inches from the reader) for one or more hours — not a feasible realworld implementation scenario.

 

The facts:

 

It is true that UHF, as well as HF energy, is absorbed by certain materials and is, therefore, capable of increasing the temperature of a given substance. However, due to the extremely low power, substances would need to be exposed to the frequency for many hours. UHF reader output in the U.S. can be no greater than 1 watt, and in Europe, it is 0.5 watt.

 

 

Those amounts are 1/100th and 1/200th of the power in a 100-watt light bulb, respectively. In order to raise the temperature, a substance would need to remain in the reader field for hours. However, in reallife RFID applications, that does not occur — bottles or vials of medication and cases on a conveyor belt are exposed to the reader field for just a few seconds — not long enough to effectively or measurably raise the temperature of any item.

 

 

A study primarily involving computer modeling with limited physical testing conducted by the U.S. FDA validates this statement.16 Based on a non-feasible worst-case scenario instead of actual deployment metrics, the FDA study states that a 14.4 cm/5.6 in. vial of insulin placed 5 cm/2 in. away from a UHF RFID antenna will heat up 1.7°C/3°F after an hour of continual energy transmission from the reader. However, in the typical item level RFID application, items would only be exposed for seconds to the reader transmission, and would be an average distance of 18 – 24 inches/46 – 60 cm from the reader. The FDA tests illustrate that, in order to obtain a measurable increase in temperature, items must be exposed at very close range at maximum reader power for a long period of time — criteria typically not found in item level RFID implementations.

 

 

The results from informal testing in an actual lab environment conducted by this consortium further validate the results from the FDA computer modeling. In a simple experiment, a saline solution at ambient temperature 72°F (22.2°C) was continuously exposed at extremely close range to full power from an RFID UHF reader. It required 24 hours of constant exposure to UHF energy for the saline to heat up 3°F/1.7°C — an unlikely scenario for a real-world RFID deployment.

 

 

HF readers, by comparison, use a much higher wattage. In the U.S., maximum HF reader wattage is 2 watts, and in Europe, HF readers can put out up to 10 watts. In spite of the increase in reader power, a test conducted by Magellan Technology on HF readers produces the same results as the FDA tests and this consortium’s informal test. An item had to be exposed to continual energy in the company’s Tunnel Reader MSTRP 5050 for 16 hours in order to obtain a one-degree temperature rise. The metrics that were required to produce a measurable increase in heat would not occur in real-world RFID item level implementations.

 

Security is not a function of frequency. UHF systems can provide the same level of security for sensitive data as an HF-based system. Gen 2 provides built-in security measures, including 32-bit access and kill password protection, cover-coding of transmitted data, and more.

Additional security beyond those standards, driven by customer and application requirements, is easily integrated into a UHF RFID system — there is no limitation due to frequency. 

深圳市銓順宏科技有限公司作為T(mén)hingMagic代理商不僅提供優(yōu)質(zhì)的ThingMagic超高頻rfid讀寫(xiě)模塊，ThingMagic超高頻rfid讀寫(xiě)器，超高頻rfid天線(xiàn)，更提供一對(duì)一的售后技術(shù)支持，配合運(yùn)營(yíng)商、集成商將ThingMagic超高頻rfid設(shè)備應(yīng)用到rfid服裝管理，rfid檔案管理，rfid叉車(chē)管理，rfid倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)物流管理等領(lǐng)域。

 

        深圳銓順宏將竭誠(chéng)為您服務(wù)，您可以點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)頁(yè)右上角的在線(xiàn)客服聯(lián)系我們